Using Wavelet Analysis to Detect Tornadoes from Doppler Radar Radial-Velocity Observations

A wavelet-based algorithm is developed to detect tornadoes from Doppler weather radar radial-velocity observations. Within this algorithm, a relative region-to-region velocity difference (RRVD) is defined based on the scaleand location-dependent wavelet coefficients and this difference represents the relative magnitude of the radial velocity shear between two adjacent regions of different scales. The RRVD fields of an idealized tornado and a realistic tornado from a high-resolution numerical simulation are analyzed first. It is found that the value of RRVD in the tornado region is significantly larger than those at other locations and large values of RRVD exist at more than one scale. This characteristic forms the basis of the new algorithm presented in this work for identifying tornadoes. Different from traditional tornadic vortex signature detection algorithms that typically rely on the velocity difference between adjacent velocity gate pairs at a single spatial scale, the new algorithm examines region-to-region radial wind shears at a number of different spatial scales. Multiscale regional wind shear examination not only can be used to discard a nontornadic vortex signature to reduce the false alert rate of tornado detection but also has the ability of capturing tornadic signatures at various scales for improving the detection and warning. The potential advantage of the current algorithm is demonstrated by applying it to the radar data collected by Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (KTLX), Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) on 8 May 2003 for a central Oklahoma tornado case.